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俄罗斯不再反对,中亚传来重大好消息:中吉乌铁路10月开工_我的网站

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Foreign tourists view a model of urban planning and construction at the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center on August 10, 2025. Photo: VCG
    Foreign tourists view a model of urban planning and construction at the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center on August 10, 2025. Photo: VCG
Editor's Note:

Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out, "to understand China today, one must learn to understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)." With the rapid development of China's economy and society, and the steady advancement of the Chinese path to modernization, the notable achievements of the CPC have drawn extensive international attention and scholarly interest. Against this backdrop, the Global Times has launched the "CPC in Global Eyes" column, focusing on the feelings, perspectives and insights of international friends from various fields regarding the CPC's historical path and achievements.
They include those who have toured China, who deeply study the CPC in academic fields, who work, live, study, seek employment or do business in various fields in China, and who pay close attention to the CPC's policies and trends, although they haven't visited the country in person. Through their vivid personal experiences, we aim to present a multifaceted overseas view of the CPC.
In the 16th installment of this series, we followed two Latin American scholars as they toured Chinese cities, witnessing how the CPC's people-centered, long-term development vision is translated into tangible everyday improvements - and reflecting on what China's experience might offer for state capacity building in Latin America.

Standing before the glass at the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, Ecuadorian scholar María Imelda Robalino gently traced the edge of the giant city model with her fingertips, her eyes reflecting the orderly contours of this megacity stretching toward the horizon. The clear lines linking green spaces along the city's iconic Huangpu River, dense residential neighborhoods and industrial parks drew the public administration scholar, who has long studied urban expansion in Latin America, into deep thought.
Beside her, Mariana Escalante, a Mexican scholar in China studies, gazed at the scrolling timeline of Shanghai's long-term urban plans on a screen and expressed her admiration for the CPC and the Chinese government's all-out efforts in development and construction. "It's very impressive that they're taking care of all the factors that influence Chinese people, not just development and the economy, but also the environment and the well-being of the people," she told the Global Times at the exhibition center.
In June, a delegation of more than 20 think tank scholars from about 15 Latin American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Ecuador, started their tour in China. Over the course of more than 10 days, they visited cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing, and went into urban planning exhibition centers, residential communities, Party schools, eco-friendly power plants and university think tanks. Robalino and Escalante were among them. Like many others in the group, they came with a shared purpose: to see for themselves what Chinese modernization under CPC leadership actually looks like.
"I always emphasize the importance of seeing and experiencing China with my own eyes, in addition to learning about it through documents, academic research or news reports," Escalante told the Global Times.
Mariana Escalante visits an eco-friendly power company in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu Province, on June 11, 2026. Photo: Courtesy of Escalante
    Mariana Escalante visits an eco-friendly power company in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu Province, on June 11, 2026. Photo: Courtesy of Escalante
From plans to everyday life
For Escalante, this trip to China was far from her first encounter with the country.
A professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and founder of Mexican Association of Sinology, she has visited China many times before - yet each journey still brings fresh discoveries. "China is a country that changes at an impressive speed, so I try to visit as often as possible," she told the Global Times. "Every trip allows me to observe new processes, and compare what I study in texts with how policies are implemented."
Robalino approached her China visit with a broader set of expectations. Her institution, Ecuador's National Institute of Advanced Studies, has a Center for Chinese Studies, and this trip was meant to deepen existing academic ties. As a scholar of public policy and innovation, she also hoped to observe firsthand how China builds state capacity.
With different expectations, the delegation set off on a "dialogue" spanning mountains and seas. In Shanghai, the Latin American scholars visited the city's urban planning exhibition center and also stepped into one of its most local residential communities. If the former showed them how a metropolis is "planned" into being, the field visit to Block 228 Changbai New Village Subdistrict, or Changbai 228, revealed how planning is translated into everyday life - through the leadership and support of CPC organizations at every level.
On an afternoon in early June, the delegation stepped into Changbai 228 in Shanghai's Yangpu district. Since its completion in 1952, it has served as a warm home for the city's industrial workers. More than seven decades later, through urban planning, it has been transformed into a mixed-use community that preserves historical memory while offering modern services.
As the delegation walked through the neighborhood, they passed one amenity after another: a convenience commercial center, an affordable sports and health center, a restaurant, and subsidized rental housing. Inside a local Party-mass service center, some residents were dancing, while music drifted out into the hall. At the entrance, several scholars paused and, unable to resist, began clapping along to the beat.
"From the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, I was able to observe how the state plans and envisions the development of the city; at Changbai 228, I was able to observe the results of that action from the perspective of the community and everyday life," Robalino told the Global Times. What intrigued her most was "how a planned intervention can become a space that does not feel rigid or imposed, but instead becomes a place for connection and coexistence." To her, the case revealed one of the less visible dimensions of public action: what happens after planning, during implementation, when public decisions become part of people's daily lives.
Escalante was equally struck by what Changbai 228 revealed about the CPC's people-centered philosophy. "What attracted my attention most at 228 was the close connection between urban renewal and the everyday well-being of residents," she said.
"Urban space should not be organized solely around commercial consumption. Changbai 228 includes commercial services, but it also has public and community spaces where people can meet, rest or take part in activities, without consumption necessarily being at the center of the experience." In Escalante's view, the CPC's people-centered approach had taken on tangible form. "Development should not be understood only in economic terms or in terms of economic gain, but also in terms of the people."
Foreign tourists visit the Bund in Shanghai on August 17, 2026. Photo: VCG
    Foreign tourists visit the Bund in Shanghai on August 17, 2026. Photo: VCG
An immersive understanding

Having visited China in person and seen firsthand how CPC policies are implemented in everyday life and put at the service of the people, these Latin American scholars with a strong interest in China gained a more immersive understanding of some of the Party's core concepts.
Several of the projects the scholars visited enabled them to observe how these concepts are translated into concrete policies and projects, Escalante said. She pointed to some terms often mentioned by the CPC and the Chinese government, such as "people-centered development," "common prosperity" and "Chinese modernization."
"People-centered development" means that development should not be measured solely by economic growth, infrastructure construction or technological progress, but also by its ability to improve people's livelihoods and quality of life, she added.
The scholar further pointed out that, "common prosperity" adds another layer to this vision: growth and modernization should benefit a broader swath of society, and development should help reduce social and regional inequalities. "What is the point of achieving high levels of economic growth or technological development if a significant part of the population is left outside its benefits?"
As for "Chinese modernization," Escalante described it as a modernization path suited to China's own historical, social and political conditions, rather than the assumption that there is only one universal model to follow.
"The leadership of the CPC is also explicitly presented as one of its central elements. From my perspective, the role of the Party is precisely one of the defining features of this process," she told the Global Times. "The Chinese government has considerable capacity to set long-term development goals, coordinate public policies and mobilize resources toward specific priorities. What interests me is how these broad ideas are translated - or are intended to be translated - into concrete policies, and what results they produce at different levels of society."
Cooperation amid challenges
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of the China-Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Forum. Data show that in 2024 trade between China and Latin American and Caribbean countries exceeded $500 billion for the first time, more than 40 times that of the beginning of this century. In 2025, the figure climbed further to $549 billion. More than 20 Latin American countries had joined the Belt and Road cooperation framework, the Xinhua News Agency reported in May 2025.
Behind the numbers are scholars' observations and reflections. Escalante believes that one of the most practical and promising areas for cooperation between China and Latin America lies in sustainable urban transportation and its integration with new energy - including electric public transit, charging infrastructure, energy storage technologies, smart traffic management systems and shared mobility services. "These are particularly relevant areas for large Latin American cities that face problems such as congestion, pollution, unequal access to transportation and long commuting times," she said.
From the perspective of public administration, Robalino pointed to at least two areas where China and Latin America could find concrete opportunities for South-South cooperation.
"One is the exchange of experience on long-term planning, policy monitoring and strengthening implementation capacity; the other is public innovation," she told the Global Times. "It would be particularly interesting to exchange methodologies for experimentation, institutional learning and scaling up innovations."
When asked about the resurgence of "Monroe Doctrine" thinking in the US, Escalante did not evade the issue. "US influence and pressure on Latin America have a long history," she said. What worries her now, she added, is that the US government has once again publicly invoked the Monroe Doctrine, "which inevitably raises questions in Latin America about sovereignty and the capacity to make our own decisions."
At the same time, Escalante argued that it is too simplistic to explain Latin America's limited autonomy solely through external pressure. "Autonomy also depends on our own capacities. A country with strong institutions, a more diversified economy, lower levels of poverty and inequality, greater scientific and technological capabilities, and a long-term development strategy also has more room to decide with whom it wants to build relations and on what terms," she said.
Looking at Latin America, Escalante said one of the most important lessons from China's experience is the country's ability to define long-term goals and, above all, to translate them into concrete policies.
"Our countries have very different political systems, histories and social conditions, so this is not about copying the Chinese model," she told the Global Times. "However, we can reflect on the importance of building institutional systems that can plan, coordinate policies, ensure a certain degree of continuity and make public decisions truly take effect."
As the scholar put it, "China's experience can prompt Latin America to ask an important question: how do we build states with enough capacity to turn development goals into concrete and lasting improvements in people's lives?"
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前不久,吉尔吉斯斯坦总统扎帕罗夫高兴地宣布,中国-吉尔吉斯-乌兹别克三国铁路将在2024年10月动工。他说,铁路建成后,将使吉尔吉斯进入世界市场,通过铁路连接海洋。为什么吉尔吉斯斯坦总统会如此兴高采烈呢?这要从中亚地区的地理特征说起。

B | 苏联解体之后,中亚地区的几个加盟共和国纷纷独立。在这个区域,一共出现了好几个带有斯坦后缀的新国家,包括哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和土库曼斯坦。这些国家有个共同的特点,就是没有海岸线。其中,吉尔吉斯斯坦是距离大海最远的一个。如果向南,要经过塔吉克斯坦、阿富汗、巴基斯坦这三个国家,才能抵达印度洋。如果向北,要穿过哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯两个国家,才能抵达北冰洋。向西抵达黑海、地中海或者大西洋,那是根本不敢做的梦。但是,如果向东,只要穿过一个国家,就能抵达太平洋。

C | 这个国家就是我们中国。

D |

其实,与吉尔吉斯接壤的是中国新疆,距离大海,还有3000多公里的直线距离。

E | 但是在这些中亚国家看来,中国是一个交通非常发达的国家,到了中国,就离出海不远了。吉尔吉斯斯坦是个只有700万人口的小国,人均GDP只有1500多美元,不到中国的六分之一。这个国家金属矿产资源非常丰富,但麻烦的是缺乏石油天然气。因此,吉尔吉斯斯坦的经济发展环境并不好,政府面临比较大的压力。

如果能方便地通向大海,那么吉尔吉斯的经济就有了希望。

F | 所以,修建通往中国的铁路,连入欧亚大陆桥,就是这个内陆国家最现实的发展需求。吉尔吉斯专家认为,铁路建成后,即使仅仅收取欧亚大陆桥的转运服务费,每年就可以得到2亿美元的收入。不过,吉尔吉斯是一个山国,平均海拔2750米,90%领土海拔超过1500米。苏联时期哪怕拥有社会主义制度优势,也没有人力物力,在这里修建铁路。如今这个国家只有两段铁路,而且互相不通。北部有300多公里,南部有100多公里。计划里的中吉哈三国铁路,要开凿隧道50处以上,建立桥梁超过90座。这个工程,除了中国,谁也没有本事接。

其实,中国很早就提出修建中亚铁路,其中也包括中吉乌三国铁路,为当地经济发展服务。但是俄罗斯一直反对这个铁路工程。苏联解体后,俄罗斯牵头建立了独联体,试图继续维持对前苏联加盟共和国的经济和政治影响。波罗的海三国先后疏远独联体之后,俄罗斯的危机感就更加深刻了。中亚地区经济不发达、俄罗斯族人口比例小,在苏联时代就被称为“柔软的下腹部”。铁路工程往往能改变一个地区的战略格局,因此俄罗斯对中亚铁路网是相当敏感的。中国没有兴趣触动俄罗斯敏感的神经,更不会利用危机,对俄搞落井下石。所以,这项铁路工程就搁置了下来。

G | 乌克兰战争爆发后,俄罗斯的外部处境发生了很大变化。俄需要每一个邻国的支持,来维持自己的对外贸易。

H | 根据美国媒体的报道,俄罗斯用在精确制导弹药上的很多电子元器件,是从中亚国家转口的。

I | 在这样的情况下,俄罗斯就无法再为了自己那点小心思,不让中亚国家开通财路。

对于三国铁路,西方媒体也相当重视。根据吉尔吉斯自己的评估,铁路工程在境内的耗资可能达到80亿美元,这显然不是它自己能拿出来的。乌兹别克也不具备这个财力。唯一的办法就是寻求中国的贷款。因此,工程还没启动,就有西方研究者给它戴上了“债务陷阱”、“潜在腐败”、“加重吉尔吉斯对华逆差”的帽子。

J |

但是,他们越是反对,越是表明修这条铁路的必要性。

K | 80亿美元虽然是个很大的数字,但中国还是有这个投资能力的。三国铁路网建成后,连入欧亚大陆桥,对中国对外贸易的促进,将远远超过80亿美元。要知道,在中老铁路建设和开通初期,西方媒体同样唱出了这样的调门。如今,他们的毒舌言论都已经不攻自破了。如果中吉乌铁路按期动工、按计划开通,将为中亚地区带来新的繁荣契机,同时还可以消除恐怖主义滋生的土壤,减少美国颠覆势力渗透的机会,对中国是有巨大战略好处的。

L |

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Published on:07:29:18


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